Cryptocurrency operates on decentralized networks using blockchain technology, which is a distributed ledger that records all transactions across a network of computers.
This makes it resistant to tampering and fraud.
Unlike traditional bank deposits, cryptocurrencies are not insured by any government entity, meaning if you lose access to your wallet or the exchange where you hold your crypto, there is no safety net to recover your funds.
The volatility of cryptocurrencies can be extreme.
For instance, Bitcoin has experienced price swings of more than 10% in a single day, making it one of the most volatile asset classes available.
A significant portion of cryptocurrency transactions are linked to illicit activities.
Research has shown that in 2020, around 1.1% of all cryptocurrency transactions were associated with illegal activities, according to Chainalysis.
The concept of "rug pulls" is a notable risk in the crypto space.
This occurs when developers abandon a project after raising funds from investors, leaving them with worthless tokens.
Cryptocurrency mining is energy-intensive; for example, Bitcoin mining consumes more electricity annually than some small countries, raising concerns over environmental impact and sustainability.
Cryptocurrencies are often subject to market manipulation due to their relatively low market capitalization compared to traditional financial markets.
Techniques like "pump and dump" schemes can significantly distort prices.
The security of cryptocurrency wallets largely hinges on private keys, which are cryptographic keys that allow you to access and manage your cryptocurrencies.
Losing your private key means losing access to your funds permanently.
Regulations surrounding cryptocurrency vary widely across countries.
Some nations have embraced crypto, while others have implemented strict bans, creating a fragmented regulatory landscape that can affect investments and trading.
The process of validating transactions on a blockchain can be done through different methods, with Proof of Work (used by Bitcoin) and Proof of Stake (used by Ethereum after its upgrade) being the most prominent.
Each has its implications for security and energy consumption.
Scams in the cryptocurrency space are prevalent.
In 2021, it was reported that over $14 billion was lost to cryptocurrency scams, highlighting the importance of due diligence before investing.
Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) are fundraising mechanisms that allow new cryptocurrencies to raise capital, often without the regulatory oversight seen in traditional Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), increasing the risk for investors.
The concept of "HODL," a misspelling of "hold," refers to the strategy of retaining cryptocurrency investments despite market volatility, which can be risky if the market trends downward significantly.
Unlike traditional assets, cryptocurrencies can be traded 24/7, leading to a constant state of market activity and potential for rapid price changes, which can be challenging for beginners to navigate.
The total market cap of all cryptocurrencies combined reached around $2.5 trillion in 2021, demonstrating significant growth but also indicating the potential for large market corrections.
The use of decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms has surged, allowing users to lend, borrow, and earn interest on their crypto assets without intermediaries.
However, these platforms can also be vulnerable to hacks.
Cryptographic techniques ensure the security of transactions within the blockchain, including hashing and digital signatures, making it difficult for unauthorized parties to alter transaction data.
The phenomenon of "staking" in Proof of Stake networks allows users to earn rewards by locking their cryptocurrencies as collateral to support network operations, creating an alternative to mining.
The emergence of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) reflects a growing interest from governments in the digital currency space, potentially changing the landscape for cryptocurrencies as they offer a state-backed alternative.
Despite the risks, some studies suggest that cryptocurrencies may serve as a hedge against inflation, as they are not directly tied to any government or central banking system, attracting interest from investors seeking diversification.